A bacterial pathogen produces a protein that acts as a toxin. This toxin is harmful to humans. Scientists are developing monoclonal antibodies that can be used to detect the presence of the toxin in the body so that early treatment can be given. Which statements describe steps in the development of these monoclonal antibodies? 1 The toxin protein is injected into a mouse and triggers mitosis of specific B-lymphocytes. 2 Antibodies are collected from the spleen of the mouse and fused with myeloma cells. 3 A hybridoma cell produces many antibodies with a variety of different variable regions.

1 and 2

1 only

2 and 3

3 only

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_w24_qp_12 Year：2024 Question No：36

Answer:

Knowledge points:

10.1.1 state that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and are transmissible

10.1.2.1 cholera – caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae

10.1.2.2 malaria – caused by the protoctists Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax

10.1.2.3 tuberculosis (TB) – caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis

10.1.2.4 HIV/AIDS – caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

10.1.3 explain how cholera, malaria, TB and HIV are transmitted

10.1.4 discuss the biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of cholera, malaria, TB and HIV (details of the life cycle of the malarial parasite are not expected)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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