Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in most animal tissues. Adult stem cells can divide by mitosis throughout their lifespan to form identical stem cells (self-renewal) or to form cells that can differentiate into the functioning cells of that tissue. Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic feature of tumour formation from a differentiated cell. Describe other features of tumour formation from a fully differentiated cell. ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . .........................................................................................................................................

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_w24_qp_22 Year：2024 Question No：4(b)

Answer:

5.1.1.1 DNA

5.1.1.2 histone proteins

5.1.1.3 sister chromatids

5.1.1.4 centromere

5.1.1.5 telomeres

5.1.2.1 growth of multicellular organisms

5.1.2.2 replacement of damaged or dead cells

5.1.2.3 repair of tissues by cell replacement

5.1.2.4 asexual reproduction

5.1.3.1 interphase (growth in G1 and G2 phases and DNA replication in S phase)

5.1.3.2 mitosis

5.1.3.3 cytokinesis

5.1.4 outline the role of telomeres in preventing the loss of genes from the ends of chromosomes during DNA replication

5.1.5 outline the role of stem cells in cell replacement and tissue repair by mitosis

5.1.6 explain how uncontrolled cell division can result in the formation of a tumour