Describe how a person becomes infected with cholera. ............................................................................................................................................... . .........................................................................................................................................

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：0610_w24_qp_41 Year：2024 Question No：3(b)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

21.3.1 State the sources and effects of pollution of land and water, e.g. rivers, lakes and the sea, by insecticides, herbicides and by nuclear fall-out

21.3.10 Discuss the causes and effects on the environment of acid rain

21.3.11 State the measures that are taken to reduce sulfur dioxide pollution and reduce the impact of acid rain

21.3.12 Explain how increases in carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in the atmosphere cause an enhanced greenhouse effect that leads to climate change

21.3.13 Describe the negative impacts of female contraceptive hormones in water courses, limited to reduced sperm count in men and feminisation of aquatic organisms

21.3.2 State the sources and effects of pollution of water (rivers, lakes and the sea) by chemical waste, discarded rubbish, untreated sewage and fertilisers

21.3.3 State the sources and effects of pollution of water (rivers, lakes and the sea) by chemical waste, discarded rubbish, untreated sewage and fertilisers

21.3.4 State the sources and effects of pollution of the air by methane and carbon dioxide, limited to the enhanced greenhouse effect and climate change

21.3.5 State the sources and effects of pollution of the air by methane and carbon dioxide, limited to the enhanced greenhouse effect and climate change

21.3.6 State the sources and effects of pollution of the air by methane and carbon dioxide, limited to the enhanced greenhouse effect and climate change

21.3.7 State the sources and effects of pollution of the air by methane and carbon dioxide, limited to the enhanced greenhouse effect and climate change

21.3.8 Explain the process of eutrophication of water in terms of: – increased availability of nitrate and other ions – increased growth of producers – increased decomposition after death of producers – increased aerobic respiration by decomposer – reduction in dissolved oxygen – death of organisms requiring dissolved oxygen in water

21.3.9 Discuss the effects of non-biodegradable plastics in the environment, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

3.1.1 Define diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement

3.1.2 Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes

3.1.3 State that substances move into and out of cells by diffusion through the cell membrane

3.1.4 State that the energy for diffusion comes from the kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and ions

3.1.5 Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to surface area, temperature, concentration gradients and distance

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