Fig. 4.1 is a photograph of part of a kitchen. Fig. 4.1 State two ways that pathogens can be transmitted indirectly. 1 2

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：0610_w23_qp_31 Year：2023 Question No：4(b)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

15.2.1 Describe the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection

15.2.2 State that some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics

15.2.3 State that antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses

15.2.4 Explain how development of resistant bacteria such as MRSA can be minimised, limited to using antibiotics only when essential and ensuring treatment is completed

15.2.5 Explain why antibiotics kill bacteria, but do not affect viruses

16.7.1 Define sexually transmitted infection as an infection that is transmitted via body fluids through sexual contact

16.7.2 State that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of an STI

16.7.3 Explain how the spread of STIs is controlled

16.7.4 Describe the methods of transmission of HIV

16.7.5 State that HIV infection may lead to AIDS

16.7.6 Outline how HIV affects the immune system, limited to decreased lymphocyte numbers and reduced ability to produce antibodies

Fig. 4.1 is a photograph of part of a kitchen. Fig. 4.1 State two ways that pathogens can be transmitted indirectly. 1 2

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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