Fig. 2.2 is a transmission electron micrograph of a cross-section of an arteriole. Blood flows from muscular arteries through arterioles into capillary networks. The lining of the arteriole is folded because the arteriole has constricted. This constriction causes the blood pressure to decrease from 12.7 kPa in the muscular artery to 2.7 kPa at the end of the arteriole. (i) Explain why it is important that the pressure of blood decreases as it passes through arterioles. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (ii) Compare the structure of a muscular artery with the structure of the arteriole shown in Fig. 2.2. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . .................................................................................................................................

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_s24_qp_21 Year：2024 Question No：2(c)

Answer:

8.2.1.1 haemoglobin

8.2.1.2 carbonic anhydrase

8.2.1.3 the formation of haemoglobinic acid

8.2.1.4 the formation of carbaminohaemoglobin

8.2.2 describe the chloride shift and explain the importance of the chloride shift

8.2.3 describe the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide

8.2.4 describe and explain the oxygen dissociation curve of adult haemoglobin

8.2.5 explain the importance of the oxygen dissociation curve at partial pressures of oxygen in the lungs and in respiring tissues