Fig． 2.1 shows part of a food web for a coral reef．Algae and plankton are producers． Fig． 2.1 （b）（i）State what the arrows in Fig． 2.1 represent． ................................................................................................................................. ［1］ （ii）Using the information in Fig．2．1，construct a food chain containing five organisms． Do not draw the organisms． (iii) State the name of the process used by some producers to convert energy from light into chemical energy. (iv) State the name of the type of organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material.
Exam No：0610_w24_qp_31 Year：2024 Question No：2(b)
Answer:
Knowledge points:
19.2.1 Define a food chain as showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer
19.2.10 Define decomposer as an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material
19.2.11 Interpret food chains and food webs in terms of identifying producers and consumers
19.2.12 Use food chains and food webs to describe the impacts humans have through over-harvesting of food species and through introducing foreign species to a habitat
19.2.13 Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of numbers
19.2.14 Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of numbers
19.2.15 Describe how energy is transferred between trophic levels
19.2.16 Define trophic level as the position of an organism in a food chain, food web, pyramid of numbers or pyramid of biomass
19.2.17 Explain why the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is inefficient
19.2.18 Explain why food chains usually have fewer than five trophic levels
19.2.19 Explain why there is a greater efficiency in supplying plants as human food, and that there is a relative inefficiency in feeding crop plants to livestock that will be used as food
19.2.2 State that energy is transferred between organisms in a food chain by ingestion
19.2.20 Identify producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers and quaternary consumers as the trophic levels in food webs, food chains, pyramids of numbers and pyramids of biomass
19.2.21 Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of biomass
19.2.22 Discuss the advantages of using a pyramid of biomass rather than a pyramid of numbers to represent a food chain
19.2.3 Construct simple food chains
19.2.4 Define a food web as a network of interconnected food chains
19.2.5 Define producer as an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis
19.2.6 Define consumer as an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms
19.2.7 State that consumers may be classed as primary, secondary and tertiary according to their position in a food chain
19.2.8 Define herbivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating plants
19.2.9 Define carnivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals
19.3.1 Describe the carbon cycle, limited to photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, fossilisation and combustion
19.3.2 Discuss the effects of the combustion of fossil fuels and the cutting down of forests on the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
19.3.3 Describe the water cycle, limited to evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation
19.3.4 Describe the nitrogen cycle in terms of: – decomposition of plant and animal protein to ammonium ions – nitrification – nitrogen fixation by lightning and bacteria – absorption of nitrate ions by plants – production of amino acids and proteins – feeding and digestion of protein – deamination – denitrification
6.1.1 Define photosynthesis as the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
6.1.10 State the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis
6.1.11 Explain that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules, for the synthesis of carbohydrates
6.1.12 Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis
6.1.13 more contents
6.1.14 Define the term limiting factor as something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes
6.1.15 Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different environmental conditions
6.1.16 Describe the use of carbon dioxide enrichment, optimum light and optimum temperatures in glasshouses in temperate and tropical countries
6.1.17 Use hydrogencarbonate indicator solution to investigate the effect of gas exchange of an aquatic plant kept in the light and in the dark
6.1.2 State the word equation for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen, in the presence of light and chlorophyll
6.1.3 State the word equation for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen, in the presence of light and chlorophyll
6.1.4 State the word equation for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen, in the presence of light and chlorophyll
6.1.5 Investigate the necessity for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, using appropriate controls
6.1.6 Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, e.g. in submerged aquatic plants
6.1.7 Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, e.g. in submerged aquatic plants
6.1.8 Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, e.g. in submerged aquatic plants
6.1.9 Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, e.g. in submerged aquatic plants
Solution:
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