Mass flow is the bulk movement of materials from one place to another. Which vessels carry fluids by mass flow? 1 artery 2 phloem sieve tube element 3 vein 4 xylem vessel element

7.1.1 draw plan diagrams of transverse sections of stems, roots and leaves of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants from microscope slides and photomicrographs

7.1.2 describe the distribution of xylem and phloem in transverse sections of stems, roots and leaves of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants

7.1.3 draw and label xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tube elements and companion cells from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs

7.1.4 relate the structure of xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tube elements and companion cells to their functions

7.2.1 state that some mineral ions and organic compounds can be transported within plants dissolved in water

7.2.2.1 apoplast pathway, including reference to lignin and cellulose

7.2.2.2 symplast pathway, including reference to the endodermis, Casparian strip and suberin

7.2.3 explain that transpiration involves the evaporation of water from the internal surfaces of leaves followed by diffusion of water vapour to the atmosphere

7.2.4 explain how hydrogen bonding of water molecules is involved with movement of water in the xylem by cohesion-tension in transpiration pull and by adhesion to cellulose in cell walls

7.2.5 make annotated drawings of transverse sections of leaves from xerophytic plants to explain how they are adapted to reduce water loss by transpiration

7.2.6 state that assimilates dissolved in water, such as sucrose and amino acids, move from sources to sinks in phloem sieve tubes

7.2.7 explain how companion cells transfer assimilates to phloem sieve tubes, with reference to proton pumps and cotransporter proteins

7.2.8 explain mass flow in phloem sieve tubes down a hydrostatic pressure gradient from source to sink

8.1.1 state that the mammalian circulatory system is a closed double circulation consisting of a heart, blood and blood vessels including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins

8.1.2 describe the functions of the main blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations, limited to pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava

8.1.3 recognise arteries, veins and capillaries from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs and make plan diagrams showing the structure of arteries and veins in transverse section (TS) and longitudinal section (LS)

8.1.4 explain how the structure of muscular arteries, elastic arteries, veins and capillaries are each related to their functions

8.1.5 recognise and draw red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs

8.1.6 state that water is the main component of blood and tissue fluid and relate the properties of water to its role in transport in mammals, limited to solvent action and high specific heat capacity

8.1.7 state the functions of tissue fluid and describe the formation of tissue fluid in a capillary network