People who become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk of developing HIV/AIDs, particularly if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. Fig. 2.1 shows that $$\(P\)$$. jirovecii is a unicellular organism. Although the cells of many species of bacteria are the same size as those of $$\(P\)$$. jirovecii, research concluded that the organism is a eukaryote and is not a bacterium. In 1988, analysis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) resulted in P. jirovecii being classified as a fungus. (i) Studies of the structure of $$\(P\)$$. jirovecii have identified that the cell wall is made of polysaccharides such as chitin and 1,3- $$\(\beta\)$$-D-glucan. Explain why this feature helped scientists to confirm that $$\(P\)$$. jirovecii is not a bacterium. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (ii) Scientists have identified other features of the cell structure of $$\(P\)$$. jirovecii. Some of these are listed in Table 2.1. Complete each row of Table 2.1 so that the table shows: - four structural features identified in P. jirovecii - one function for each structural feature - whether the structural feature is present $$\((\boldsymbol{\checkmark})\)$$ or absent $$\((X)\)$$ in bacterial cells. Table 2.1
Exam No:9700_w24_qp_22 Year:2024 Question No:2(c)
Answer:

Knowledge points:
1.2.1.1 cell surface membrane
1.2.1.10 Cilia
1.2.1.11 microvilli
1.2.1.12 chloroplasts (including small circular DNA)
1.2.1.13 cell wall
1.2.1.14 plasmodesmata
1.2.1.15 large permanent vacuole and tonoplast of plant cells
1.2.1.2 nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus
1.2.1.3 rough endoplasmic reticulum
1.2.1.4 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
1.2.1.5 Golgi body (Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex)
1.2.1.6 mitochondria (including small circular DNA)
1.2.1.7 ribosomes (80S in the cytoplasm and 70S in chloroplasts and mitochondria)
1.2.1.8 lysosomes
1.2.1.9 centrioles and microtubules
1.2.2 describe and interpret photomicrographs, electron micrographs and drawings of typical plant and animal cells
1.2.3 compare the structure of typical plant and animal cells
1.2.4 state that cells use ATP from respiration for energy-requiring processes
1.2.5.1 unicellular
1.2.5.2 generally 1–5 µm diameter
1.2.5.3 peptidoglycan cell walls
1.2.5.4 circular DNA
1.2.5.5 70S ribosomes
1.2.5.6 absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes
1.2.6 compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryotic cells in plants and animals
1.2.7 state that all viruses are non-cellular structures with a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and a capsid made of protein, and that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids
Solution:
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