Phosphatases are enzymes that catalyse the removal of phosphate from other molecules, releasing inorganic phosphate ( $$\(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{i}}\)$$ ). A phosphatase can be extracted from mung bean seedlings, Vigna radiata. A student found a published method to extract phosphatase from mung bean seedlings. - Use a pestle and mortar to grind mung bean seedlings, with a small volume of distilled water, to make a paste. - Add distilled water to the paste to make a mixture with a total volume of $$\(50 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}\)$$. - Filter the mixture and put the filtrate into a clean centrifuge tube. - Centrifuge the filtrate until a solid pellet is formed, as shown in Fig. 1.2. - Pour the liquid extract containing phosphatase into a clean test-tube. The student decided to determine the optimum pH for phosphatase extract from the mung bean seedlings. Describe a method the student could use to determine the optimum pH for phosphatase. Your method should be set out in a logical order and be detailed enough to allow another person to follow it. Details of how to extract phosphatase from the mung bean seedlings and how to make the dilutions of phenolphthalein solutions should not be included. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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