Some diseases, and certain cancers, are thought to be caused by a lack of specific neurotransmitters. This means they can be treated using drugs which increase the concentration of these neurotransmitters. Some of these drugs are manufactured using genetically modified (GM) organisms. Bevacizumab (BVZ) is an antibody used to treat brain cancer patients. This antibody is produced using animal cell cultures. A new method of producing BVZ has been developed using genetically modified (GM) rice. The graph compares the antigen binding activity of a BVZ antibody produced using: - a control using non-transformed rice - animal cell culture - four strains of GM rice (A, B, C and D). Explain how BVZ antibodies can cause the destruction of cancer cells. (2) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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