Some ways in which different types of monoclonal antibodies can work are described. 1 binding to proteins on cell surfaces and triggering the immune system 2 blocking molecules on cell surfaces that inhibit T-cells 3 blocking cell signalling receptors that trigger cell division 4 blocking cell signalling receptors that trigger the immune response Which types of monoclonal antibody could be used to treat cancer?

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_s25_qp_14 Year：2025 Question No：40

Answer:

11.2.1 relate the molecular structure of antibodies to their functions

11.2.2 outline the hybridoma method for the production of monoclonal antibodies

11.2.3 outline the principles of using monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of disease and in the treatment of disease

11.2.4 describe the differences between active immunity and passive immunity and between natural immunity and artificial immunity

11.2.5 explain that vaccines contain antigens that stimulate immune responses to provide long-term immunity

11.2.6 explain how vaccination programmes can help to control the spread of infectious diseases