State two ways of preventing the spread of disease through water. 1 ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................... . 2 ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................... .

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：0610_s24_qp_31 Year：2024 Question No：4(b)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

7.4.1 State the significance of chemical digestion in the alimentary canal in producing small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed

7.4.10 Outline the role of bile in neutralising the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action

7.4.11 Outline the role of bile in emulsifying fats to increase the surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase

7.4.2 State the functions of enzymes as follows: – amylase breaks down starch to simpler sugars – protease breaks down protein to amino acids – lipase breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol

7.4.3 State where, in the alimentary canal, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted

7.4.4 State the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing bacteria in food and giving an acid pH for enzymes

7.4.5 State the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing bacteria in food and giving an acid pH for enzymes

7.4.6 State the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing bacteria in food and giving an acid pH for enzymes

7.4.7 Describe the digestion of starch in the alimentary canal: – amylase is secreted into the alimentary canal and breaks down starch to maltose – maltose is broken down by maltase to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine

7.4.8 Describe pepsin and trypsin as two protease enzymes that function in different parts of the alimentary canal: – pepsin in the stomach – trypsin in the small intestine

7.4.9 Explain the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to the low pH: – denaturing enzymes in harmful microorganisms in food – giving the optimum pH for pepsin activity

Answer:

Knowledge points:

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