The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted to carry out selective reabsorption. Describe and explain how these cells are adapted to carry out selective reabsorption. ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................................... . .........................................................................................................................................

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_m24_qp_42 Year：2024 Question No：1(b)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

4.1.1 describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure with reference to the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions that account for the formation of the phospholipid bilayer and the arrangement of proteins

4.1.2 describe the arrangement of cholesterol, glycolipids and glycoproteins in cell surface membranes

4.1.3 describe the roles of phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, proteins and glycoproteins in cell surface membranes, with reference to stability, fluidity, permeability, transport (carrier proteins and channel proteins), cell signalling (cell surface receptors) and cell recognition (cell surface antigens – see 11.1.2)

4.1.4.1 secretion of specific chemicals (ligands) from cells

4.1.4.2 transport of ligands to target cells

4.1.4.3 binding of ligands to cell surface receptors on target cells

7.1.1 draw plan diagrams of transverse sections of stems, roots and leaves of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants from microscope slides and photomicrographs

7.1.2 describe the distribution of xylem and phloem in transverse sections of stems, roots and leaves of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants

7.1.3 draw and label xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tube elements and companion cells from microscope slides, photomicrographs and electron micrographs

7.1.4 relate the structure of xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tube elements and companion cells to their functions

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