The gene BRCA1 is expressed in breast tissue and in several other tissues of the body. BRCA1 codes for a tumour suppressor protein. This protein is involved in either repairing damaged DNA, or in triggering the death of a cell if DNA cannot be repaired. Some mutations in BRCA1 are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Genetic screening shows that in the UK: - $$\(\quad 1\)$$ in 400 females have a mutated allele of BRCA1 - $$\(70 \%\)$$ of females with a mutated allele of BRCA1 will develop breast cancer by the time they are 80 years old. In 2022, the population of females in the UK was $$\(3.5 \times 10^{7}\)$$. Calculate the number of females in the UK population in 2022 who it is estimated will develop breast cancer by the age of 80 years old. Give your answer in standard form. Show your working. $$\[ \text { number of females }= \]$$ .....................................................

Biology
IGCSE&ALevel
CAIE
Exam No:9700_s24_qp_42 Year:2024 Question No:5(c)

Answer:



Knowledge points:

19.2.1 explain the advantages of using recombinant human proteins to treat disease, using the examples insulin, factor VIII and adenosine deaminase
19.2.2 outline the advantages of genetic screening, using the examples of breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2), Huntington’s disease and cystic fibrosis
19.2.3 outline how genetic diseases can be treated with gene therapy, using the examples severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and inherited eye diseases
19.2.4 discuss the social and ethical considerations of using genetic screening and gene therapy in medicine

Solution:

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