$$$2 \mathbf{N} 1$$$ is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant leaf. Draw a large plan diagram of part of the leaf section on $$$\mathbf{N} 1$$$ to show the different tissues. The section that you choose to draw should include four vascular bundles. Use one ruled label line and label to identify one vascular bundle. (ii) Observe the cells in the epidermis of the leaf on $$$\mathbf{N} 1$$$. Select two guard cells and two adjacent epidermal cells. Each cell must touch at least one other cell. - Make a large drawing of this line of four cells. - Use one ruled label line and label to identify the cell wall of one guard cell.

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_s24_qp_35 Year：2024 Question No：2(a)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

1.1.1 Candidates should be able to:make temporary preparations of cellular material suitable for viewing with a light microscope

1.1.2 Candidates should be able to:draw cells from microscope slides and photomicrographs

1.1.3 Candidates should be able to:calculate magnifications of images and actual sizes of specimens from drawings, photomicrographs and electron micrographs (scanning and transmission)

1.1.4 Candidates should be able to: use an eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer scale to make measurements and use the appropriate units, millimetre (mm), micrometre (µm) and nanometre (nm)

1.1.5 Candidates should be able to: define resolution and magnification and explain the differences between these terms, with reference to light microscopy and electron microscopy

1.2.1.1 cell surface membrane

1.2.1.10 Cilia

1.2.1.11 microvilli

1.2.1.12 chloroplasts (including small circular DNA)

1.2.1.13 cell wall

1.2.1.14 plasmodesmata

1.2.1.15 large permanent vacuole and tonoplast of plant cells

1.2.1.2 nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus

1.2.1.3 rough endoplasmic reticulum

1.2.1.4 smooth endoplasmic reticulum

1.2.1.5 Golgi body (Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex)

1.2.1.6 mitochondria (including small circular DNA)

1.2.1.7 ribosomes (80S in the cytoplasm and 70S in chloroplasts and mitochondria)

1.2.1.8 lysosomes

1.2.1.9 centrioles and microtubules

1.2.2 describe and interpret photomicrographs, electron micrographs and drawings of typical plant and animal cells

1.2.3 compare the structure of typical plant and animal cells

1.2.4 state that cells use ATP from respiration for energy-requiring processes

1.2.5.1 unicellular

1.2.5.2 generally 1–5 µm diameter

1.2.5.3 peptidoglycan cell walls

1.2.5.4 circular DNA

1.2.5.5 70S ribosomes

1.2.5.6 absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes

1.2.6 compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryotic cells in plants and animals

1.2.7 state that all viruses are non-cellular structures with a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and a capsid made of protein, and that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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