Bromoalkanes are used widely in industry, although there is increasing concern about their environmental impact. Fig. 4.1 shows a reaction scheme involving 1,2-dibromoethane. Fig. 4.1 Complete Fig. 4.2 to show the mechanism for the formation of 1,2-dibromoethane in reaction 1. Include charges, dipoles, lone pairs of electrons and curly arrows as appropriate. Fig. 4.2

Chemistry

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9701_w24_qp_22 Year：2024 Question No：4(a)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

15.1.1.1 the free-radical substitution of alkanes by in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane

15.1.1.2 electrophilic addition of an alkene with a halogen, or hydrogen halide, HX(g), at room temperature

15.1.1.3 substitution of an alcohol, e.g. by reaction with HX or KBr with ; or with and heat; or with ; or with

15.1.2 classify halogenoalkanes into primary, secondary and tertiary

15.1.3.1 the reaction with NaOH(aq) and heat to produce an alcohol

15.1.3.2 the reaction with KCN in ethanol and heat to produce a nitrile

15.1.3.3 the reaction with in ethanol heated under pressure to produce an amine

15.1.3.4 the reaction with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol as a method of identifying the halogen present as exemplified by bromoethane

15.1.4 describe the elimination reaction with NaOH in ethanol and heat to produce an alkene as exemplified by bromoethane

15.1.5 describe themechanisms of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes including the inductive effects of alkyl groups

15.1.6 recall that primary halogenoalkanes tend to react via the mechanism; tertiary halogenoalkanes via the mechanism; and secondary halogenoalkanes by a mixture of the two, depending on structure

15.1.7 describe and explain the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes (with particular reference to the relative strengths of the C–X bonds as exemplified by the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrates)

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Knowledge points:

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