Compound $$\(\mathbf{Q}\)$$ can be synthesised from chlorobenzene in seven steps, using the route shown in Fig. 5.1. Write an equation for the formation of the electrophile for step 1. ................................................................................................................................. (ii) Complete the mechanism in Fig. 5.2 for step 1, the alkylation of chlorobenzene. Include all relevant curly arrows and charges. Draw the structure of the intermediate. (iii) Step 2 is an oxidation reaction. Construct an equation for the reaction in step 2 . Use [O] to represent an atom of oxygen from an oxidising agent. ................................................................................................................................. (iv) Suggest reagents for the conversion of $$\(\mathbf{K}\)$$ to $$\(\mathbf{M}\)$$ in steps 3 and 4 . step 3 ............................................................................................................................ step 4 ............................................................................................................................ (v) Identify the type of reaction that occurs in step 5 . ................................................................................................................................. (vi) Step 7 takes place when $$\(\mathbf{P}\)$$ is heated with a weak base such as $$\(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})\)$$. Suggest why a strong base such as $$\(\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})\)$$ is not used for this reaction. ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (vii) $$\(Q\)$$ is optically active. Explain the meaning of optically active. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (viii) Give two reasons why it might be desirable to synthesise a single optical isomer of $$\(\mathbf{Q}\)$$ for use as a drug. 1 .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... . 2 .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .

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