N -phenylethanamide, historically used as a painkiller, can be synthesised from benzene as shown. Concentrated nitric acid reacts with a second reagent to produce an electrophile. This electrophile reacts with benzene to form nitrobenzene. (i) Identify, by name or formula, the second reagent and the electrophile. (2) (ii) Draw the mechanism for the reaction between the electrophile and benzene to form nitrobenzene. (3)
Exam No：wch15-01-que-20240113 Year：2024 Question No：14(a)
Answer:
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:
- concentrated / conc sulfuric acid concentrated / conc \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)
- nitronium ion / \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{+}\)
- arrow from on or within the circle to N of \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{+}\)
- structure of intermediate ion
- curly arrow from \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bond to within ring and correct organic product
(1)
- concentrated / conc sulfuric acid concentrated / conc \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)
- nitronium ion / \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{+}\)
- arrow from on or within the circle to N of \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{+}\)
- structure of intermediate ion
- curly arrow from \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bond to within ring and correct organic product
(1)
Knowledge points:
18.Organic Chemistry: Arenes
Solution:
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