Ruthenium and osmium are transition metals below iron in Group 8 of the Periodic Table. Two different complex ions, $$\(\mathbf{X}\)$$ and $$\(\mathbf{Y}\)$$, can form when anhydrous $$\(\mathrm{RuCl}_{3}\)$$ reacts with water under certain conditions. $$\(\mathbf{X}\)$$ and $$\(\mathbf{Y}\)$$ have octahedral geometry. Aqueous samples of $$\(\mathbf{X}\)$$ and $$\(\mathbf{Y}\)$$ react separately with an excess of $$\(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})\)$$. Different amounts of AgCl are precipitated: - 1 mole of complex ion $$\(\mathbf{X}\)$$ produces 2 moles of AgCl - 1 mole of complex ion Y produces 1 mole of AgCl . (i) Complete Table 4.1 to suggest formulae for $$\(\mathbf{X}\)$$ and $$\(\mathbf{Y}\)$$. (ii) Both complexes react with an excess of bipyridine, bipy, to form a mixture of two stereoisomers of $$\(\left[R u(\text { bipy })_{3}\right]^{3+}\)$$.

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