The structure of limonene is shown. What are the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced when a sample of limonene is completely combusted in oxygen?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Exam No：9701_w24_qp_11 Year：2024 Question No：30
Answer:
B
Knowledge points:
14.1.1.1 addition of hydrogen to an alkene in a hydrogenation reaction, H2(g) and Pt/Ni catalyst and heat
14.1.1.2 cracking of a longer chain alkane, heat with
14.1.2.1 the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes
14.1.2.2 the free-radical substitution of alkanes by in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane
14.1.3 describe the mechanism of free-radical substitution with reference to the initiation, propagation and termination steps
14.1.4 suggest how cracking can be used to obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes of lower from heavier crude oil fractions
14.1.5 understand the general unreactivity of alkanes, including towards polar reagents in terms of the strength of the C–H bonds and their relative lack of polarity
14.1.6 recognise the environmental consequences of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons arising
16.1.1.1 electrophilic addition of steam to an alkene, catalyst
16.1.1.2 reaction of alkenes with cold dilute acidified potassium manganate(VII) to form a diol
16.1.1.3 substitution of a halogenoalkane using NaOH(aq) and heat
16.1.1.4 reduction of an aldehyde or ketone using
16.1.1.5 reduction of a carboxylic acid using
16.1.1.6 hydrolysis of an ester using dilute acid or dilute alkali and heat
16.1.2.1 the reaction with oxygen (combustion)
16.1.2.2 substitution to halogenoalkanes
16.1.2.3 the reaction with Na(s)
16.1.2.4 oxidation with acidified or acidified to:
16.1.2.5 carbonyl compounds by distillation
16.1.2.6 carboxylic acids by refluxing (primary alcohols give aldehydes which can be further oxidised to carboxylic acids, secondary alcohols give ketones, tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised)
16.1.2.7 dehydration to an alkene, by using a heated catalyst, e.g. or a concentrated acid
16.1.2.8 formation of esters by reaction with carboxylic acids and concentrated or as catalyst as exemplified by ethanol
16.1.3.1 classify alcohols as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, to include examples with more than one alcohol group
16.1.3.2 state characteristic distinguishing reactions, e.g. mild oxidation with acidified K2Cr2O7, colour change from orange to green
16.1.4 deduce the presence of a group in an alcohol, , from its reaction with alkaline (aq) to form a yellow precipitate of tri-iodomethane and an ion,
16.1.5 explain the acidity of alcohols compared with water
Solution:
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