Vanadium，niobium and tantalum are metals in the same group of the Periodic Table．（a）The shorthand electronic configuration of vanadium in the ground state is $$$[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{3} 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2}$$$ ．（i）State what is meant by the term ground state． ................................................................................................................................. ［1］（ii）Show the electronic configuration of vanadium using electrons in boxes notation．［1］（iii）Deduce the total number of electrons in the $$$p$$$ sub－shells of a vanadium atom． ................................................................................................................................. ［1］

Chemistry

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9701_w24_qp_22 Year：2024 Question No：1(a)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

1.3.1.1 shells, sub-shells and orbitals

1.3.1.2 principal quantum number (n)

1.3.1.3 ground state, limited to electronic configuration

1.3.2 describe the number of orbitals making up s, p and d sub-shells, and the number of electrons that can fill s, p and d sub-shells

1.3.3 describe the order of increasing energy of the sub-shells within the first three shells and the 4s and 4p sub-shells

1.3.4 describe the electronic configurations to include the number of electrons in each shell, sub-shell and orbital

1.3.5 explain the electronic configurations in terms of energy of the electrons and inter-electron repulsion

1.3.6 determine the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the atomic or proton number and charge, using either of the following conventions

1.3.7 understand and use the electrons in boxes notation

1.3.8 describe and sketch the shapes of s and p orbitals describe a free radical as a species with one or more unpaired electrons

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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