（a）FA 7 is a solution containing two cations and one anion．All of the ions are listed in the Qualitative analysis notes．（i）Carry out the following tests and record your observations in Tables 3.1 and 3．2．For each test use a 1 cm depth of FA 7 in a test－tube unless the solution requires heating． (ii) Write an ionic equation for a reaction in (a)(i) that resulted in the formation of a precipitate. Include state symbols. (iii) Give the formula of each ion present in FA 7. If you cannot identify an ion, write 'unknown.' cations and anion

Chemistry

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9701_s25_qp_31 Year：2025 Question No：3(a)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

11.3.1 describe the relative reactivity of halide ions as reducing agents

11.3.2.1 aqueous silver ions followed by aqueous ammonia (the formation and formula of the $\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{+}$ complex is not required)

11.3.2.2 concentrated sulfuric acid, to include balanced chemical equations

12.1.1 explain the lack of reactivity of nitrogen, with reference to triple bond strength and lack of polarity

12.1.2.1 the basicity of ammonia, using the Brønsted–Lowry theory

12.1.2.2 the structure of the ammonium ion and its formation by an acid–base reaction

12.1.2.3 the displacement of ammonia from ammonium salts by an acid–base reaction

12.1.3 state and explain the natural and man-made occurrences of oxides of nitrogen and their catalytic removal from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

12.1.4 understand that atmospheric oxides of nitrogen (NO) can react with unburned hydrocarbons to form peroxyacetyl nitrate, PAN, which is a component of photochemical smog

12.1.5 describe the role of NO in the formation of acid rain both directly and in their catalytic role in the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide

3.2.1 define ionic bonding as the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (positively charged cations and negatively charged anions) describe ionic bonding including the examples of sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium fluoride

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