Read the article about Percy Spencer, the man who invented the microwave oven, and then answer the following questions. The inventor of the microwave oven, Percy Spencer, was born in Maine, USA, in 1894. As a boy, he was looked after by his aunt rather than by his mother and father. He was an only child, and as his aunt did not have enough money, Spencer had to leave school at the age of twelve to get a job. While he was employed at a local factory, he heard that a nearby paper mill wanted to install electricity to provide the power for its equipment. This was of great interest to Spencer, who enjoyed finding out about new things. He learned all he could about electricity, and when the paper mill advertised for people who could install it, Spencer applied and got the job. He was only sixteen. When he was eighteen, Spencer decided to enter the US Navy. For many, reading stories of famous sailors motivates such a decision. For Spencer, however, it was hearing about the radio operators on the ship Titanic that caused him to apply. They bravely continued calling for help even when their ship was sinking. While in the navy, he became an expert on radio technology. Although he could use radios, he didn't understand how they actually worked. There was no option of attending evening classes at college to find this out, so hard-working Spencer read textbooks while guarding the navy base. He was always determined to do things well, so he also taught himself maths, chemistry and physics. Spencer loved finding simple solutions to apparently complex problems, and by 1939, he had become one of the world's leading experts in radar. This technology uses radio waves called microwaves to find and follow planes, ships and other objects. From time to time, Spencer liked to feed the squirrels that lived near his lab, so he would occasionally carry a peanut cluster bar with him. One day, while standing by a radar set, he found that the candy bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer wasn't the first to discover that some substances warmed up unexpectedly when near radars, but he was the first to fully investigate it. He found that a part of the radar called a magnetron produces microwaves, and that these microwaves were responsible for the heating effect. He began using this to try to cook food. The initial test was done on popcorn, which worked perfectly. In a subsequent experiment, Spencer, who had a good sense of humour, was much amused when one of his co-workers ended up with cooked egg on his face after the microwaves had caused it to explode. Spencer then created the first true microwave oven by attaching a magnetron to a metal box. His company decided to produce these microwaves for domestic use, the first one going on sale in 1947. People seemed attracted by, rather than frightened of, the new technology. Although they were quite noisy, consumers weren't troubled by this. However, many people were put off buying them because they were too large. And even if their kitchens were big enough, nobody could afford one. Modern microwave ovens are very different and even have glass doors so you can see what's cooking. You might think the microwaves would be able to pass through glass, and you'd be right. The only reason you don't get heated up as well as your food is because on the inside of the door, there's a thin metal net. The holes are too small for microwaves to pass through, but big enough to let light in so you can see your food. 1 Who did Percy Spencer live with when he was a child? 2 Where was Spencer working when he first became interested in electricity? 3 Who inspired Spencer to join the US Navy? 4 When did Spencer find time to study during his time in the US Navy? 5 Why did Spencer sometimes have something sweet with him while at work? 6 What was the first food Spencer tried to cook using microwaves? 7 Why didn't the first microwave ovens sell well? Give two details. 8 What prevents microwaves escaping from modern microwave ovens?

Answer:

1.(his) aunt
2.(at) (a) (local) factory
3.radio operators on the (ship) Titanic
4.while guarding the navy base
5.(liked to) feed the squirrels
6.popcorn
7.Award 1 mark for each detail up to a maximum 2 marks:
too large / kitchens weren't big enough
nobody could afford one / too expensive
8.(thin) (metal) net (inside the glass door)

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