The League of Nations had to deal with many issues during the 1920s and 1930s. 'Britain was responsible for the League's failure to deal effectively with the Italian invasion of Abyssinia.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

History
IGCSE&ALevel
CAIE
Exam No:0470_m23_qp_12 Year:2023 Question No:6(c)

Answer:

Level 5 Explains with evaluation of 'how far'
As Level 4 plus evaluation.
Level 4 Explanation of both sides
A L4 answer will have a minimum of three explanations (2 on one side; 1 on the other.) This will be worth a mark of 7.
Fuller explanation of one issue to be given two marks.
An answer which only has one explanation on one side of the argument cannot be awarded more than 8.

Level 3 One sided explanation OR one explanation of both sides 5 to 6 marks
More detailed explanation of one issue to be given two marks.
e.g. 'When Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935 Britain was very reluctant to impose sanctions on Italy because of the damage it might do to the British economy. Britain also did not close the Suez Canal, which was an important supply route for Italy. Without it, Italy probably would not have succeeded in Abyssinia.'
OR
e.g. 'I do not agree with this. It was also France's fault. France was involved in the secret Hoare-Laval Pact which planned to give Mussolini a large part of Abyssinia if he called off the invasion. This was agreed without the League knowing and when news of it leaked out, the reputation of the League and its ability to do anything were destroyed.'

Level 2 Identifies AND/OR describes
One mark for each point.
e.g. 'Britain did not want to impose sanctions.'
'Britain persuaded the League to delay any decision about sanctions.'
'Britain was involved in the Hoare-Lave Pact, which undermined the League.'
'Britain refused to close the Suez Canal to Italian ships.'
'The USA increased their oil sales to Italy.'
'France was involved in the Hoare-Laval Pact, which undermined the League.'
'France wanted Italy as an ally against the threat of Germany.'
'The League did not have an army and so could not do anything.'
Level 1 General answer lacking specific contextual knowledge
e.g. 'I think it was Britain's fault because it could have done something against Italy.'

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question

Knowledge points:

1.2 The twentieth century: international relations from 1919

Solution:

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