The 1930s were dominated by the aggressive policies of Germany. 'The Munich Agreement was a defeat for Hitler.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

Level 5: Explains both sides and supports a valid judgement on 'how far'. 10 marks

One explanation or more on each side.
- It was a victory for Hitler. His troops were able to march into the Sudetenland. He had agreed to sign a document to promote peace in Europe and to use consultation, not war, to settle differences. However, he had no intention of keeping to it, so he was no worse off and he had got what he wanted.

Level 4: Explains both sides. 7-9 marks
For candidates to be awarded this level they must have one explanation on each side.

Seven marks for one explanation on each side; one additional mark for each additional explanation on either side.

Level 3: Explains one side. 4-6 marks
One Level 3 mark for each explanation.
- It was a victory for Hitler. He had been demanding that the Sudetenland be handed over to Germany because there were many Germans living there. The Czech government did not agree to this, but at Munich Chamberlain agreed to Hitler's demand. It was a full victory for Hitler because he got the Sudetenland without having to go to war. It also looked as if Britain and France would back down every time he made a demand.
OR
- Hitler was annoyed that rather than triumphantly leading his army into the Sudetenland after defeating the Czech army and on a day of his choosing, he was having to agree to the arbitration by Italy, Britain and France. Mussolini drew up the plan which allowed Germany to enter the Sudetenland on a certain date.
Level 2: Identifies or describes valid points; addresses the question but does not explain. 2-3 marks

One Level 2 mark for each identification/description.
- Hitler got the Sudetenland.
- Hitler had got what he wanted without having to fight.
- Britain and France had backed down to Hitler's demands.
- Hitler had to agree to the arbitration by Italy, Britain and France.
- Hitler had to agree to decide future differences through peaceful means.
- Hitler was deprived of a limited war against the Czechs.

Level 1: Writes about the topic but does not address the question. 1 mark
- The Munich Agreement was between Germany, Britain and France. Hitler was pleased with it because it was going to give him what he wanted.

Accept all valid responses.
Level 0: No creditable response. 0 marks