A negatively charged rod is brought close to an isolated, uncharged metal sphere. What are the charges on sides $$\(P\)$$ and $$\(Q\)$$ of the sphere?

4.2.1.1 State that there are positive and negative charges

4.2.1.10 Give an account of charging by induction

4.2.1.11 Recall and use a simple electron model to distinguish between conductors and insulators

4.2.1.2 State that unlike charges attract and that like charges repel

4.2.1.3 Describe simple experiments to show the production and detection of electrostatic charges

4.2.1.4 State that charging a body involves the addition or removal of electrons

4.2.1.5 Distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators and give typical examples

4.2.1.6 State that charge is measured in coulombs

4.2.1.7 State that the direction of an electric field at a point is the direction of the force on a positive charge at that point

4.2.1.8 Describe an electric field as a region in which an electric charge experiences a force

4.2.1.9 Describe simple field patterns, including the field around a point charge, the field around a charged conducting sphere and the field between two parallel plates (not including end effects)

4.2.2.1 State that current is related to the flow of charge

4.2.2.2 Use and describe the use of an ammeter, both analogue and digital

4.2.2.3 State that current in metals is due to a flow of electrons

4.2.2.4 Show understanding that a current is a rate of flow of charge and recall and use the equation I = Q / t

4.2.2.5 Distinguish between the direction of flow of electrons and conventional current

4.2.3.1 State that the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of an electrical source of energy is measured in volts

4.2.3.2 Show understanding that e.m.f. is defined in terms of energy supplied by a source in driving charge round a complete circuit

4.2.4.1 State that the potential difference (p.d.) across a circuit component is measured in volts

4.2.4.2 Use and describe the use of a voltmeter, both analogue and digital

4.2.4.3 Recall that 1 V is equivalent to 1 J / C

4.2.5.1 State that resistance = p.d. / current and understand qualitatively how changes in p.d. or resistance affect current

4.2.5.2 Recall and use the equation R =V / I

4.2.5.3 Describe an experiment to determine resistance using a voltmeter and an ammeter

4.2.5.4 Relate (without calculation) the resistance of a wire to its length and to its diameter

4.2.5.5 Sketch and explain the current–voltage characteristic of an ohmic resistor and a filament lamp

4.2.5.6 Recall and use quantitatively the proportionality between resistance and length, and the inverse proportionality between resistance and cross- sectional area of a wire

4.2.6.1 Understand that electric circuits transfer energy from the battery or power source to the circuit components then into the surroundings

4.2.6.2 Recall and use the equations P=IV and E=IVt