A skittle is a wooden object that can stand upright on one end. In a game of Skittles, a ball is thrown at some skittles to knock them over, as shown. (Source: © CMBiles/Getty Images) The diagram below shows the ball just before it collides with a skittle. *(b) Explain how Newton's second and third laws of motion apply to the ball and the skittle during the collision. (6) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Answer:

This question assesses a student's ability to show a coherent and logically structured answer with linkages and fully sustained reasoning. Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is structured and shows lines of reasoning. The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for indicative content.
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for structure and lines of reasoning.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline & Number of marks awarded for structure of answer and sustained line of reasoning \\
\hline Answer shows a coherent and logical structure with linkages and fully sustained lines of reasoning demonstrated throughout & 2 \\
\hline Answer is partially structured with some linkages and lines of reasoning & 1 \\
\hline Answer has no linkages between points and is unstructured & 0 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Indicative content
IC1 The ball applies a force to the skittle.
IC2 The skittle applies a force to the ball.
IC3 Newton's \(3^{\text {rd }}\) Law means that the forces (on the skittle and the ball) are equal (in size) and opposite (in direction).
IC4 There is a resultant force acting on the skittle / ball.
IC5 The skittle / ball accelerates according to Newton's second law.
IC6 The skittle accelerates (to the left) and the ball decelerates.

Knowledge points:

Solution: