A student determines the internal diameter $$\(d\)$$ of a test-tube. The apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig. 1.1. Fig. 1.1 The student: - adds more water from the measuring cylinder into the test-tube - measures the new height $$\(h\)$$ of the water in the test-tube - measures the new reading $$\(R\)$$ of the water remaining in the measuring cylinder - calculates the volume of water $$\(V\)$$ in the test-tube - repeats the procedure for three more values of $$\(h, R\)$$ and $$\(V\)$$. The student's results are shown in Table 1.1. It is important to avoid line-of-sight (parallax) errors when reading the scale of the measuring cylinder. Describe how such errors are avoided. You may draw a diagram. .

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