Brownian motion is the random motion of particles due to molecular bombardment. In which states of matter is Brownian motion observed?

1.2.1 Define speed as distance travelled per unit time; recall and use the equation v = s/t

1.2.10 Determine from given data or the shape of a speed–time graph when an object is moving with: (a) constant acceleration (b) changing acceleration

1.2.11 Calculate acceleration from the gradient of a speed–time graph

1.2.11 (old)Recognise linear motion for which the acceleration is constant

1.2.12 Know that a deceleration is a negative acceleration and use this in calculations

1.2.12 (old)Recognise motion for which the acceleration is not constant

1.2.13 Describe the motion of objects falling in a uniform gravitational field with and without air/liquid resistance (including reference to terminal velocity)

1.2.2 Define velocity as speed in a given direction

1.2.3 Recall and use the equation average speed = total distance travelled / total time taken

1.2.4 Sketch, plot and interpret distance–time and speed–time graphs

1.2.5 （old）Demonstrate understanding that acceleration and deceleration are related to changing speed including qualitative analysis of the gradient of a speed–time graph

1.2.5.1 at rest

1.2.5.2 moving with constant speed

1.2.5.3 accelerating and decelerating

1.2.6 Calculate speed from the gradient of a straight-line section of a distance–time graph

1.2.7 Calculate the area under a speed–time graph to determine the distance travelled for motion with constant speed or constant acceleration

1.2.8 State that the acceleration of free fall g for an object near to the surface of the Earth is approximately constant and is approximately 9.8 m/s^2

1.2.9 Define acceleration as change in velocity per unit time; recall and use the equation a = Δv/Δt

2.1.1.1 Know the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases

2.1.1.2 Know the terms for the changes in state between solids, liquids and gases (gas to solid and solid to gas transfers are not required)

2.1.2.1 Describe the particle structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement, separation and motion of the particles, and represent these states using simple particle diagrams

2.1.2.2 Describe the relationship between the motion of particles and temperature, including the idea that there is a lowest possible temperature (−273 °C), known as absolute zero, where the particles have least kinetic energy

2.1.2.3 Describe the pressure and the changes in pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of its particles and their collisions with a surface

2.1.2.4 Know that the random motion of microscopic particles in a suspension is evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter

2.1.2.5 Describe and explain this motion (sometimes known as Brownian motion) in terms of random collisions between the microscopic particles in a suspension and the particles of the gas or liquid

2.1.2.6 Know that the forces and distances between particles (atoms, molecules, ions and electrons) and the motion of the particles affects the properties of solids, liquids and gases

2.1.2.7 Describe the pressure and the changes in pressure of a gas in terms of the forces exerted by particles colliding with surfaces, creating a force per unit area

2.1.2.8 Know that microscopic particles may be moved by collisions with light fast-moving molecules and correctly use the terms atoms or molecules as distinct from microscopic particles

2.1.3.1 Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid

2.1.3.1.1 a change of temperature at constant volume

2.1.3.1.2 a change of volume at constant temperature

2.1.3.2 Convert temperatures between kelvin and degrees Celsius; recall and use the equation T (in K) = θ (in °C) + 273

2.1.3.2 Relate evaporation to the consequent cooling of the liquid

2.1.3.3 Recall and use the equation pV = constant for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, including a graphical representation of this relationship

2.1.3.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how temperature, surface area and draught over a surface influence evaporation

2.1.3.4 Explain the cooling of a body in contact with an evaporating liquid