A vaccine is used to give immunity to the virus that causes the disease influenza.

new influenza vaccine is needed every year because the virus mutates regularly. What is the reason for needing a new influenza vaccine every year?

Memory cells become less effective as they age.

The primary immune response does not produce enough antibodies.

The secondary immune response does not produce enough antibodies.

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9700_w24_qp_11 Year：2024 Question No：40

Answer:

11.2.1 relate the molecular structure of antibodies to their functions

11.2.2 outline the hybridoma method for the production of monoclonal antibodies

11.2.3 outline the principles of using monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of disease and in the treatment of disease

11.2.4 describe the differences between active immunity and passive immunity and between natural immunity and artificial immunity

11.2.5 explain that vaccines contain antigens that stimulate immune responses to provide long-term immunity

11.2.6 explain how vaccination programmes can help to control the spread of infectious diseases