Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Erythromycin is an antibiotic. Fig. 3.1 shows the daily doses of erythromycin per 1000 people over a 13-year period. The number of bacterial infections resistant to erythromycin per 1000 people is also shown. Explain how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.

Biology

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：0610_s23_qp_42 Year：2023 Question No：3(a)(iv)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

15.2.1 Describe the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection

15.2.2 State that some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics which reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics

15.2.3 State that antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses

15.2.4 Explain how development of resistant bacteria such as MRSA can be minimised, limited to using antibiotics only when essential and ensuring treatment is completed

15.2.5 Explain why antibiotics kill bacteria, but do not affect viruses

18.3.1 Describe natural selection with reference to: – variation within populations – production of many offspring – competition for resources – struggle for surviva – reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others – passing on of their alleles to the next generation

18.3.2 Describe selective breeding with reference to: – selection by humans of individuals with desirable features – crossing these individuals to produce the next generation – selection of offspring showing the desirable features

18.3.3 Describe evolution as the change in adaptive features of a population over time as the result of natural selection

18.3.4 Define the process of adaptation as the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations

18.3.5 Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of evolution by natural selection

18.3.6 State the differences between natural and artificial selection

18.3.7 Outline how selective breeding by artificial selection is carried out over many generations to improve crop plants and domesticated animals

Answer:

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