How many genes could code for one collagen molecule?

2.3.1 describe and draw the general structure of an amino acid and the formation and breakage of a peptide bond

2.3.2 explain the meaning of the terms primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins

2.3.3.1 hydrophobic interactions

2.3.3.2 hydrogen bonding

2.3.3.3 ionic bonding

2.3.3.4 covalent bonding, including disulfide bonds

2.3.4 state that globular proteins are generally soluble and have physiological roles and fibrous proteins are generally insoluble and have structural roles

2.3.5 describe the structure of a molecule of haemoglobin as an example of a globular protein, including the formation of its quaternary structure from two alpha (α) chains (α–globin), two beta (β) chains (β–globin) and a haem group

2.3.6 relate the structure of haemoglobin to its function, including the importance of iron in the haem group

2.3.7 describe the structure of a molecule of collagen as an example of a fibrous protein, and the arrangement of collagen molecules to form collagen fibres

2.3.8 relate the structures of collagen molecules and collagen fibres to their function

6.2.1 state that a polypeptide is coded for by a gene and that a gene is a sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a DNA molecule

6.2.2 describe the principle of the universal genetic code in which different triplets of DNA bases either code for specific amino acids or correspond to start and stop codons

6.2.3.1 RNA polymerase

6.2.3.2 messenger RNA (mRNA)

6.2.3.3 codons

6.2.3.4 transfer RNA (tRNA)

6.2.3.5 anticodons

6.2.3.6 ribosomes

6.2.4 state that the strand of a DNA molecule that is used in transcription is called the transcribed or template strand and that the other strand is called the non-transcribed strand

6.2.5 explain that, in eukaryotes, the RNA molecule formed following transcription (primary transcript) is modified by the removal of non-coding sequences (introns) and the joining together of coding sequences (exons) to form mRNA

6.2.6 state that a gene mutation is a change in the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule that may result in an altered polypeptide

6.2.7 explain that a gene mutation is a result of substitution or deletion or insertion of nucleotides in DNA and outline how each of these types of mutation may affect the polypeptide produced