People who become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk of developing HIV/AIDs, particularly if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. （d）P．jirovecii can adhere（attach）to squamous epithelial cells of the alveoli and to the network of fibrous proteins that support the alveolar wall，known as the extracellular matrix（ECM）． Examples of proteins in the ECM are elastin and collagen． Adhesion（attachment）of $$\(P\)$$ ．jirovecii to alveolar epithelial cells and the ECM stimulates the growth of its population． （i）Cell surface glycoproteins known as gpA glycoproteins are essential in allowing P．jirovecii cells to adhere to alveolar epithelial cells and ECM proteins． Suggest how a gpA glycoprotein is able to adhere to alveolar epithelial cells and ECM proteins． ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. ［2］ （ii）One consequence of the pneumonia that results from P．jirovecii infection is a decrease in the quantity of oxygen that is delivered to body tissues． Explain why a severe $$\(P\)$$ ．jirovecii infection results in a decrease in the quantity of oxygen that is delivered to body tissues． ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. ［3］

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution: