Some blood-clotting disorders can be inherited. Genetic modification has been used to produce human proteins. One protein made in this way is factor VIla which is used to treat some blood clotting disorders. (i) State the names of enzyme $$\(\mathbf{A}\)$$ and enzyme $$\(\mathbf{B}\)$$ in Fig. 6.1. A .................................................................................................................................... B .................................................................................................................................... (ii) Explain why it is important that enzyme $$\(\mathbf{A}\)$$ is used to cut both the human DNA and the plasmid. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (iii) State what the letter $$\(\mathbf{C}\)$$ in Fig. 6.1 represents. ................................................................................................................................. (iv) Explain why the contents of the fermenter in Fig. 6.1 are stirred constantly. ....................................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................................... . ................................................................................................................................. (v) Bacteria can be used to make complex molecules. Describe two other reasons why bacteria are useful in biotechnology. 1 .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... . 2 .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... . (vi) Describe two ways animal cells differ from bacterial cells. 1 .................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................
Exam No：0610_w24_qp_43 Year：2024 Question No：6(b)
Answer:
Knowledge points:
20.2.1 Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during production of ethanol for biofuels
20.2.2 Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making
20.2.3 Investigate and describe the use of pectinase in fruit juice production
20.2.4 Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes
20.2.5 Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes
20.2.6 Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes
20.2.7 Investigate and explain the use of lactase to produce lactose-free milk
20.2.8 Describe the role of the fungus Penicillium in the production of the antibiotic penicillin
20.2.9 Explain how fermenters are used in the production of penicillin
20.3.1 Define genetic engineering as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
20.3.2 State examples of genetic engineering: – the insertion of human genes into bacteria to produce human insulin – the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to herbicides – the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests – the insertion of genes into crop plants to provide additional vitamins
20.3.3 Outline genetic engineering using bacterial production of a human protein as an example
Solution:
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