N -phenylethanamide, historically used as a painkiller, can be synthesised from benzene as shown. Another painkiller, paracetamol, can be synthesised from phenol in a similar sequence. Phenol is nitrated by dilute nitric acid. Explain why the nitration of phenol requires much milder conditions than the formation of nitrobenzene. (2) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exam No：wch15-01-que-20240113 Year：2024 Question No：14(e)
Answer:
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:
- lone pair of electrons on the oxygen (may be shown on a diagram
(1)
- overlaps with pi / \(\pi\) cloud and activating the ring / increasing the electron density of the ring / making electrophilic attack easier
(1)
- lone pair of electrons on the oxygen (may be shown on a diagram
(1)
- overlaps with pi / \(\pi\) cloud and activating the ring / increasing the electron density of the ring / making electrophilic attack easier
(1)
Knowledge points:
18.Organic Chemistry: Arenes
Solution:
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