When X is added to $$$\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})$$$ and heated under reflux, pentan-2-ol is made. Which organic product is made when X is heated with a solution of KCN dissolved in ethanol?

Chemistry

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9701_w24_qp_11 Year：2024 Question No：32

Answer:

Knowledge points:

13.2.1.1 homologous series

13.2.1.2 saturated and unsaturated

13.2.1.3 homolytic and heterolytic fission

13.2.1.4 free radical, initiation, propagation, termination (the use of arrows to show movement of single electrons is not required)

13.2.1.5 nucleophile, electrophile, nucleophilic, electrophilic

13.2.1.6 addition, substitution, elimination, hydrolysis, condensation

13.2.1.7 oxidation and reduction (in equations for organic redox reactions, the symbol [O] can be used to represent one atom of oxygen from an oxidising agent and the symbol [H] one atom of hydrogen from a reducing agent)

13.2.2.1 free-radical substitution

13.2.2.2 electrophilic addition

13.2.2.3 nucleophilic substitution

13.2.2.4 nucleophilic addition (in organic reaction mechanisms, the use of curly arrows to represent movement of electron pairs is expected; the arrow should begin at a bond or a lone pair of electrons)

15.1.1.1 the free-radical substitution of alkanes by in the presence of ultraviolet light, as exemplified by the reactions of ethane

15.1.1.2 electrophilic addition of an alkene with a halogen, or hydrogen halide, HX(g), at room temperature

15.1.1.3 substitution of an alcohol, e.g. by reaction with HX or KBr with ; or with and heat; or with ; or with

15.1.2 classify halogenoalkanes into primary, secondary and tertiary

15.1.3.1 the reaction with NaOH(aq) and heat to produce an alcohol

15.1.3.2 the reaction with KCN in ethanol and heat to produce a nitrile

15.1.3.3 the reaction with in ethanol heated under pressure to produce an amine

15.1.3.4 the reaction with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol as a method of identifying the halogen present as exemplified by bromoethane

15.1.4 describe the elimination reaction with NaOH in ethanol and heat to produce an alkene as exemplified by bromoethane

15.1.5 describe themechanisms of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes including the inductive effects of alkyl groups

15.1.6 recall that primary halogenoalkanes tend to react via the mechanism; tertiary halogenoalkanes via the mechanism; and secondary halogenoalkanes by a mixture of the two, depending on structure

15.1.7 describe and explain the different reactivities of halogenoalkanes (with particular reference to the relative strengths of the C–X bonds as exemplified by the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous silver nitrates)

When X is added to $$\(\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})\)$$ and heated under reflux, pentan-2-ol is made. Which organic product is made when X is heated with a solution of KCN dissolved in ethanol?

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

When X is added to $$\(\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})\)$$ and heated under reflux, pentan-2-ol is made. Which organic product is made when X is heated with a solution of KCN dissolved in ethanol?

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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