When concentrated $$$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$$$ is added to water a series of acid-base reactions occurs. There are three conjugate acid-base pairs that can be identified during this series of reactions. Write the formulae of these three conjugate acid-base pairs. conjugate acid 1 conjugate base 1 conjugate acid 2 conjugate base 2 conjugate acid 3 conjugate base 3

Chemistry

IGCSE&ALevel

CAIE

Exam No：9701_w23_qp_43 Year：2023 Question No：2(c)(ii)

Answer:

Knowledge points:

25.1.1 understand and use the terms conjugate acid and conjugate base

25.1.10.1 understand and use the common ion effect to explain the different solubility of a compound in a solution containing a common ion

25.1.10.2 perform calculations using values and concentration of a common ion

25.1.2 define conjugate acid–base pairs, identifying such pairs in reactions

25.1.3 define mathematically the terms pH, use them in calculations and the equation will not be tested)

25.1.4.1 strong acids

25.1.4.2 strong alkalis

25.1.4.3 weak acids

25.1.5.1 define a buffer solution

25.1.5.2 explain how a buffer solution can be made

25.1.5.3 explain how buffer solutions control pH; use chemical equations in these explanations

25.1.5.4 describe and explain the uses of buffer solutions, including the role of in controlling pH in blood

25.1.6 calculate the pH of buffer solutions, given appropriate data

25.1.7 understand and use the term solubility product

25.1.8 write an expression for

25.1.9 calculate from concentrations and vice versa

7.2.1 state the names and formulae of the common acids, limited to hydrochloric acid, HC/, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, ethanoic acid

7.2.10 select suitable indicators for acid-alkali titrations, given appropriate data (values will not be used)

7.2.2 state the names and formulae of the common alkalis, limited to sodium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, KOH, ammonia

7.2.3 describe the Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

7.2.4 describe strong acids and strong bases as fully dissociated in aqueous solution and weak acids and weak bases as partially dissociated in aqueous solution

7.2.5 appreciate that water has pH of 7, acid solutions pH of below 7 and alkaline solutions pH of above 7

7.2.6 explain qualitatively the differences in behaviour between strong and weak acids including the reaction with a reactive metal and difference in pH values by use of a pH meter, universal indicator or conductivity

7.2.7 understand that neutralisation reactions occur when

7.2.8 understand that salts are formed in neutralisation reactions

7.2.9 sketch the pH titration curves of titrations using combinations of strong and weak acids with strong and weak alkalis

Answer:

Knowledge points:

Solution:

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